Silicone
Latex

What is it?
The diaphragm (far right) is a dome-shaped rubber cap with a flexible rim that is inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix.  It is held in place by vaginal muscles.

The cervical cap (lower left) is a soft, deep rubber cup with a firm rim that fits snugly around the base of the cervix.  It is held in place by suction.

How does it work?
The diaphragm and cervical cap act as a physical and chemical barrier to sperm.  They both stop spem and prevent fertilization.

How do I use it?
Before either of these devices is inserted, 1-2 teaspoons of spermicidal cream or jelly must be applied to the inside of the dome and around the rim. 

Once in position, the diaphragm can be inserted up to 6 hours before intercourse and can stay there for up to 24 hours.  If sex is repeated or if a longer interval has elapsed, insertion of fresh spermicide cream or jelly with an applicator (without removing the diaphragm) is recommended. 

The cap provides continuous protection for up to 72hours, no matter how many times intercourse occurs.  Additional spermicide is not necessary if sex is repeated.

How reliable is it?
When used correctly with spermicide, the diaphragm is 86%-94% effective in preventing pregnancy.  In other words, with perfect use, 6 out of 100 women will become pregnant within the first year of use.  With typical use, 20 out of 100 women will become pregnant within the first year.

When used correctly with spermicide and if you have had children previously, the cap is 68%-84% effective in preventing pregnancy.  When used correctly with spermicide and if you have not had children previously, the cap can be 91% effective.  With typical use, 20 out of 100 women will become pregnant within the first year.

Are there any hormones involved?
No

Does this type of contraceptive offer protection from STI/STDs?
Both devices may offer some protection against HIV and some STDs.

What are the advantages?
Both devices are cost effective.  They are easy to carry around and comfortable to wear.  The diaphragm can be put in up to 2 hours before sex and the cervical cap can be put in up to 6 hours before sex.  This will allow for spontaneity and no interruptions during sex.  For the cervical cap, one only needs to apply spermicide once.

What are the disadvantages?
They can be messy and interrupt sex if not already inserted.  Some women may be allergic to spermicides. 

Use of a diaphragm may increase the risk of bladder and urinary infections as well as toxic shock syndrome.  Latex diaphragms can only be used with certain types of lubricants or the latex will break down and be less effective.

Cervical caps may be difficult to insert or remove.  In addition, they can become dislodged during intercourse.  This method is less reliable if you have previously given birth. Latex cervical caps can only be used with certain types of lubricants or the latex will break down and be less effective.  Unlike diaphragms, there are only 4 sizes.

Are there any side effects or health risks that I should discuss with my healthcare provider?
Wearing the diaphragm or cap for longer than recommended may increase the risk of toxic shock syndrome (TSS).

Where do I get it?
Prescription and Clinic Visit required for proper fitting.

How often do I need to use it?
Both devices must be used every time sex occurs.

Reference: Information obtained from Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) and SmarterSex. Image obtained from HealthReserve.com.